Answer : Urey & Miller’s experiment
i. Stanley Miller and Urey designed an apparatus and created conditions similar to primitive atmosphere.
ii. The apparatus had a spark chamber with two tungsten electrodes, flask for boiling water, side tube connected to a vacuum pump condenser and U-shaped trap.
iii. The electric discharge was created by using electrodes in a spark chamber containing methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water vapours in the ratio 1:2:2 without air. This was done to create prebiotic environment.
iv. The flask containing water was heated to provide water vapour.
v. They passed the mixture through a condenser.
vi. They circulated the gases continuously in this way for one week and then analysed the chemical composition of the liquid inside the apparatus.
Observation:
They observed a large number of simple organic compounds including some amino acids such as alanine, glycine and aspartic acid.
Conclusions:
All these complex organic compounds including amino acids, were synthesized non-enzymatically. This proved that complex organic compounds could be synthesized in reducing atmosphere without the help of enzymes and thus supported the Theory of chemical evolution.
Describe Darwin’s theory of natural selection. State the objections raised against this theory.
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